Summary of the Chapter#
Hypothesis testing helps us decide whether a result is real or just due to chance.
We state hypotheses, choose a significance level (α), compute a test statistic, and use a critical value or p-value to make a decision.
Different statistical tests are used for different types of data.
Parametric tests compare means, while non-parametric tests work when assumptions are not met.
Common tools include t-tests, ANOVA, and chi-square tests.
All aim to answer one question: is the observed difference meaningful?